AN ANALYSIS ON SYMBOLS OF EMOTICON USED IN CHAT ROOM BY USING SEMIOTIC APPROACH

By
Sri Kustati
02004183

ABSTRACT

This research entitled “An Analysis on Symbols of Emoticon Used in Chat room by Using Semiotic Approach” is intended to find the symbols of emoticon in chat room, to describe the meanings of symbols of emoticon in chat room and to analyze the structure of symbols of emoticon in chat room.

In this research, the researcher uses descriptive qualitative method as the technique of analysing data. The data are symbols of emoticon and the Sources of the data in this research are two sources, namely the primary data and Secondary data sources. The primary data source is particular emoticon dictionary used in chat room as published in internet. The secondary data sources are Books of semiotic theory, Essay of semiotic approach in website, especially in chat room conversation analysis, Articles related to the used of emoticon, published in both printed media and internet., and the last is Literature review of earlier research of semiotic approach. In collecting the data, the writer uses observation method, while the technique of collecting data the writer use is teknik catat (noting technique). After the data are collected, the researcher analyzes the symbols of emoticon used in chat room using semiotic approach to analyze the data. They are identified and classified based on kinds, meanings and the structures.

The result finding shows that the symbols of emoticon found in chat room are classified into six kinds of emoticon, namely: happily (The signals of happiness are committed trough smiling and laughing), unhappily (sad), anger, surprise, disgust, and fear. There are many kinds and meaning of emoticon symbols in chat room, but basically the noun emoticon has one meaning, it is a representation of a facial expression (as a smile or frown) created by typing a sequence of characters in sending email. An emoticon (also known as a "smiley") is a simple picture or symbol composed of a few text characters. Hundreds of emoticons have been proposed, but only a few are in common use, meanwhile the basic emoticons of smiling are :-) or :) and Structurally, the symbols of emoticon used in chat room that are made up of three elements are the mouth, the nose, and eyes. The colon (:) represents the eyes, the hyphen (-) is for the nose, and the parenthesis ( )) is for the mouth. The most emoticons are designed to be interpreted with the viewer or reader’s head tilted over to the left.

AN ANALYSIS ON CODE MIXING CONDUCTED BY ENGLISH STUDENTS OF AHMAD DAHLAN UNIVERSITY IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2005/2006

By
Ayu Ningtyas Kusfyan Nur
01004097

ABSTRACT

This research entitled An analysis on Code Mixing Conducted by English Students of Ahmad Dahlan University in Academic Year 2005/2006, is intended to find out the forms of code mixing, the highest frequency, and the probable reasons for the code mixing.

This research belongs to qualitative research. It does not use statistical procedure. The researcher takes data by recording and noting all the conversation by the students outside the class room. In collecting the data, the researcher uses observation, recording, and noting techniques. After the data are collected, they are analyzed and classified into words, phrases and sentences. Based on the display of data, the forms of code mixing are analyzed carefully to find out the highest frequency of the code mixing conducted by the English students and the reason for the code mixing.

The result of her research shows that the forms of code mixing conducted by English students of Ahmad Dahlan University are words, phrases, and sentences. The words are nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. The phrases are noun phrase, and adjective phrase. The sentences are declarative, interrogative, and imperative. The highest frequency of all code mixing is noun, other words fall under the noun word. The words have the frequency of about 71.28 %, the frequency of phrases is about 17.02 %, and the frequency of sentences is about 11.70 %. The probable reasons that cause code mixing conducted by English students are to show the prestige, to be intimate to the interlocutor, no exact terms or words in Indonesian, the interlocutor, and emotional appeal.

A PRAGMATIC STUDY ON THE USE OF ENGLISH COMMAND IN CHARLES DICKEN’S OLIVER TWIST

By
SEPTIYOWATI
01004063

ABSTRACT

The objective of the study is to find out the commands stated in the novel Oliver Twist, to know why the speaker uses those commands, to know whether the setting in the novel influences the English command and to find out the degree of appearances of English commands in the novel Oliver Twist.

This study is descriptive qualitative research. The data are the English commands used in that novel. All the data analyzed based on pragmatic theory. In collecting the data the writer uses noting technique and changing technique. The writer uses the descriptive method to analyze and to describe the data because in descriptive method the data will be gathered in the form of sentences.

Based on the result of the study the writer gets three kinds of commands. They are statements, questions and real commands. Statement as commands can be divided into three parts. They are commands with complete statement, commands with incomplete statement, and commands with let. Questions as commands can be divided into three parts too. They are commands with full question forms, commands with short question forms, and commands with negative commands. Real commands are divided into positive commands and negative commands. The highest frequency of commands is real commands. The number of these commands is 25 or 58.14% of the total number. The medium size of these commands is questions. The number of these commands is 10 or 23.26% from the total number. And then the lowest frequency of this command is statements. The number of these commands is 8 or 18.6%.

A STUDY ON GRAMMATICAL ERRORS MADE BY THE EIGHT SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT OF 2006/2007 ACADEMIC YEAR IN WRITING A PROPOSAL

By
Supri Sunarti
03026084

ABSTRACT

The research entitled A STUDY ON GRAMMATICAL ERRORS MADE BY THE EIGHT SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT IN WRITING A GRADUATING PAPER PROPOSAL is intended to describe grammatical errors made by the eight semester students of English Letters Department in writing a graduating paper proposal and to find out the possible sources of errors found in the students’ graduating paper proposal.

This research belongs to a qualitative research. The use of qualitative research is suitable with the methods of analyzing data of this graduating paper. The data of this research are in the form of sentences, clauses, and phrases that contain grammatical errors. The writer analyzes the grammatical errors on sentences from 10 (ten) graduating paper proposals. In collecting the data, the writer uses noting technique. The writer reads the data from the students’ graduating paper proposal focusing on the sentences, clauses, and phrases. She observes the data carefully to find out the grammatical errors. The data are signed and written down on the cards concerning the grammatical errors. The data are analyzed using qualitative method.

The result of the research shows that the grammatical errors found in graduating paper proposal involve the errors in the skeleton of English clause (simple predicate missing, object pronoun missing, and subject pronoun missing), errors in auxiliary system (errors in using be and modal auxiliaries), errors in passive sentences (misformation of passive verbs, using passive order but active form, and using active order but passive form), errors in temporal conjunction (misplacement of conjunction and form of clause conjunction), errors in sentential components (misformation of gerund after preposition and misformation of to infinitive), and other errors (errors in agreement, parallel structures, modifiers, participles, noun and noun phrases, and errors in using apostrophe and possessive). The grammatical errors made by the students in writing a graduating paper proposal come from two sources: intralingual and interlingual errors. The intralingual errors include overgeneralization, ignorance of rule restrictions, and false concepts of hypothesized. Meanwhile, the interlingual errors are the errors which come from the interference of mother tongue.

A DICTION ERROR ANALYSIS IN SENTENCE WRITING MADE BY THE SECOND SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM OF AHMAD DAHLAN UNIVERSITY

A DICTION ERROR ANALYSIS IN SENTENCE WRITING MADE BY THE SECOND SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM OF AHMAD DAHLAN UNIVERSITY IN 2004/2005 ACADEMIC YEAR:
A CASE STUDY

By

Nur Prawita Sari
01004130

ABSTRACT

This research entitled “A Diction Error Analysis in Sentence Writing Made by the Second Semester Students of English Education Study Program of Ahmad Dahlan University in 2004/2005 Academic Year: A Case Study” is intended to find out the diction errors. The diction error will be analyzed to find its type and its causes.

This research is a descriptive qualitative research. Source of data of this research is the final exam students’ worksheets collected from the course of writing II randomly. The writer takes the diction errors from writing exercises of the second semester students of English Education Study Program of Ahmad Dahlan University in 2004/2005 Academic Year.

The result of the study shows that the students are still influenced by L1, so they make mistranslation. Mistranslation is caused by the limited knowledge about the grammar of L2, or the limited of students’ vocabulary mastery. Then many students put a word, subject, verb object, complement, or clause in the wrong place, so they make misplacement. Misplacement happens because of the limited students’ knowledge about English sentence structure. The last is that many students choose the unappropriate noun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and pronoun, so they made mischoice of words. Mischoice of words happens because the student has not mastered the needed vocabulary.

THE SOLIDARITY AND POLITENESS APPLIED BY THE MAIN CHARACTER IN JRR TOLKIEN’S ‘THE LORD OF THE RINGS’ PART THREE: THE RETURN OF THE KING

By
Lilik Budi Pramanto
0 1 0 0 4 1 0 9

ABSTRACT

The research entitled The Solidarity and Politeness Applied by the Main Character in J.R.R. Tolkien’s ‘The Lord of the Rings’ part three: The Return of the King is intended to find out the types of the solidarity and politeness strategies, the application of the solidarity and politeness by the main character, Aragorn, in JRR Tolkien’s novel above and the cause that probably influence the Aragorn’s solidarity and politeness strategies.

This research belongs to qualitative research. It does not use any statistical procedure. The techniques used in collecting data are noting, separating and changing techniques. The research object is the 112 utterances of Aragorn in JRR Tolkien’s novel mentioned above. The data analysis is done by using descriptive technique.

The result of this study shows that Aragorn uses solidarity marker of address term with no name in most (73 utterances), followed by address term name or nick name (18 utterances), title alone (17 utterances) and title and first or last name (4 utterances). The negative politeness strategy is used more often than positive politeness strategy. This use of negative politeness strategy is classified into three, using sentence (59 utterances), phrase (6 utterances; pronoun, adjective, infinitive, noun and 2 verb phrases) and using word (21 utterances). The positive politeness strategy used is also categorized in the same way. Sentences are in these positive moves are (15 utterances) followed by the word (7 utterances) and phrase (4 utterances; 2 noun and 2 verb phrases). The probable cause of Aragorn’s solidarity and politeness strategies choice is the social status and the social distance. The social status factors consist of family relationship, friendship, superiority, inferiority and companion. The social distance factor includes into race, sex (gender), age and occupation.

A SEMANTIC STUDY OF CONNOTATIVE MEANING IN ROXETTE’S SONGS

By:
Toni Heriyanto
NIM. 02026058

ABSTRACT

The research entitled A Semantic Study of Connotative Meaning in Roxette’s Songs is intended to describe the linguistic units conveying the connotative meaning, the function of using connotative meaning in the songs, and the context which lead the connotative meaning in Roxette’s songs.

This research belongs to qualitative research. The use of qualitative method is suitable with methods of analyzing data of this graduating paper. The data of this research are the words, phrases, and sentences of Roxette’s song lyrics that have connotative meaning. The writer analyzes four songs from Roxette’s album 16 Top Hits. The songs are Fading Like a Flower, Queen of Rain, Sleeping in My Car, and It Must Have Been Love. In collecting data, the writer uses library technique, observation and note technique. The writer reads the data from Roxette’s song text, they are read and observed carefully to find out the connotative meaning in certain words. The data are signed and written down on data cards. The method of analyzing data used in this research is referential (identity) method.

The result of this research shows that the linguistic units which have connotative meaning in the lyrics of Roxette’s songs are words and phrases. The functions of connotative meanings of Roxette’s song lyrics are to make the message more impressive and romantic, to know the message of the whole songs and to make message more beautiful and suitable. The context of connotative meaning is divided into two, they are linguistic context and situational context.

A DESCRIPTIVE SYNCHRONIC COMPARATIVE STUDY OF OLD ENGLISH AND MODERN GERMAN CASE AND WORD ORDER IN ACTIVE SENTENCE: A BASIC PATTERN OF KERNEL SENT

A DESCRIPTIVE SYNCHRONIC COMPARATIVE STUDY

OF OLD ENGLISH AND MODERN GERMAN
CASE AND WORD ORDER IN ACTIVE SENTENCE:
A BASIC PATTERN OF KERNEL SENTENCE AND
TAGMEMIC APPROACH

By

Muhammad Febrianoer
03326138

ABSTRACT

Although Old English is no longer a spoken language, its uniqueness remains to attract scholars to conduct a research on it. It can be seen that there have been a lot of studies of Old English as if it were still alive. The studies are not to understand it so that people can learn and use it for verbal and written communication in daily life but it is more as a medium to understand ancient texts and to compare to another language in a comparative study. In many ways it resembles Modern German. Then grammarians group them into the same language family i.e. Indo European. This thesis focuses on the case and word order of Old English and Modern German to discover the relationship between them in active sentence to get the similarities and the behavior of the similarities.

For that purpose, data are collected by getting samples of sentences from both printed and non printed sources of Old English and Modern German. The sentence category is based on its structure which covers simple, compound and complex sentence; and on its function which covers affirmative, interrogative and imperative sentence. The characteristics of the research are descriptive synchronic comparative. It means that it describes the Old English and Modern German case and word order, then compares them based on synchronic point of view. The analysis itself is done by using the Basic Pattern of Kernel Sentence and Tagmemic Approach. These approaches are suitable because they determine the relation of words with other parts in the same construction just as the characteristics of Old English and Modern German which belong to synthetic language of which sentence construction is word-form based.

Then it can be concluded that Old English has five cases. They are nominative, accusative, dative, genitive, and instrumental. Modern German has only four cases. They are nominative, accusative, dative, and genitive. Actually Old English and Modern German are not completely free of word order like some grammarians state. They are just fairly free with some applied terms and conditions. Case is not the only one that influences Old English and Modern German word order. There are some other factors influencing the word order. They are punctuation, prosody, emphasis and the non-permeability phrase, main clause and subordinate clause.

A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS ON THE PHENOMENA OF ENGLISH SECONDARY ARTICULATIONS MADE BY THE THIRD SEMESTER STUDENTS OF PBI OF AHMAD DAHLAN UNIVERSITY IN

A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS ON THE PHENOMENA OF ENGLISH SECONDARY ARTICULATIONS MADE BY THE THIRD SEMESTER STUDENTS OF PBI OF AHMAD DAHLAN UNIVERSITY
IN 2006/2007 ACADEMIC YEAR

by:
EVI RATNA JUWITA
02004081

ABSTRACT

This thesis entitled “A Descriptive Analysis on the Phenomena of English Secondary Articulations Made by the Third Semester Students of PBI of Ahmad Dahlan University in 2006/2007 Academic Year”. This research is intended to identify the English secondary articulations mainly conducted by the third semester students of PBI of Ahmad Dahlan University in 2006/2007 academic year. The aims of this study are: (1) to know the students’ proficiency in producing secondary articulations, (2) to describe the phenomena of English secondary articulations, (3) to analyze the sound deviations produced by the students on the phenomena of secondary articulations, and (4) to know the factors which make the students perform deviations in producing secondary articulations.

This is a descriptive qualitative research which applies phonetic theories. By using qualitative method, the writer analyzes and describes the phenomena of secondary articulations made by the students in the form of description. The testing and recording techniques are used to collect the data of the research. The instrument used to reveal the data is a pronunciation test consisting of isolated words and minimal pairs. The validity of the instrument is achieved by using content and curricular validities.

The research finding shows that the students’ proficiency in producing the phenomena of English secondary articulations is categorized into very high level. Generally the proficiency of the students in producing secondary articulations in isolated words is categorized into the very high level. Meanwhile, the students’ proficiency in minimal pair section is classified into the average level. The result of the data shows that there are some deviations made by the students. Those deviations are omitting aspiration in producing the sounds [p, t, k] in initial position, omitting the lip-rounding accompanying the sound [k], omitting the addition of a high front tongue, omitting velarization of the syllable [l], and omitting glottalization of the glottal sound [h]. Nevertheless, generally the students made little deviations in producing all the secondary articulations given by the researcher. Most of them correctly produced the phenomena of labialization, nasalization, velarization, and glottalization. This occurred because those phenomena are also found in their first language. Meanwhile, the students made deviation in relation to the phenomenon of aspiration. This is due to the differences between Indonesian and English writing, spelling, and pronunciation system. In addition, the students made some deviations in minimal pair section. Those deviations are caused by factors influencing them, which are called interlingual and intralingual factors. The first, which is called interlingual includes omitting aspiration in producing initial plosive sounds. Under category of intralingual deviations are overgeneralization and spelling rule confusion.

AN ANALYSIS OF PERLOCUTIONARY ACT IN A FRINGE OF LEAVES BY PATRICK WHITE

By:
Octarina
02004150

ABSTRACT

This research entitled “An Analysis of Perlocutionary Act in A Fringe of Leaves by Patrick White” is intended to know the kinds of perlocutionary act and to find the forms of utterance effects written in the story of A Fringe of Leaves by Patrick White.

This analysis is the descriptive qualitative research because the researcher describes the data in the form of words rather than numbers. The researcher uses conversation between Mr. Austin Roxburge and Mrs. Ellen Roxburge in A Fringe of Leaves by Patrick White as the source of data. The technique used in collecting data is noting technique. The researcher notes the conversation in A Fringe of Leaves by Patrick White and then she selects conversation between Mr. Austin Roxburge and Mrs. Ellen Roxburge in A Fringe of Leaves by Patrick White, which bears the perlocutionary act. In analyzing the data, the researcher applies descriptive analyzing model, she identifies and classifies the conversation between Mr. Austin Roxburge and Mrs. Ellen Roxburge on the basis of the kinds of perlocutionary act. She, then, analyzes the forms of utterance effect performed by Mrs. Ellen Roxburge after receiving the messages from Mr. Austin Roxburge.

The result shows that the kinds of perlocutionary act are assertives, directives, commisives, expressives, and declaratives. The forms of utterance effect found in the research are the encouraging, inspiring, getting something to do, attracting attention, feeling sorry, wondering, and intimidating effects. The encouraging effect is found in declarative and interrogative sentences. Inspiring effect is found in declarative and interrogative sentences. Effect of getting something to do is found in declarative and exclamatory sentences. Attracting attention effect is found in imperative and interrogative sentences. Feeling sorry effect is found in interrogative sentence. Wondering effect is found in declarative, imperative, and interrogative sentences. Intimidating effect is found in declarative and exclamatory sentences.

A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF THE SHORT STORIES IN THE JAKARTA POST

By:
Susanti Faipri Selegi
01004155


ABSTRACT

The research entitled “A Discourse Analysis of the Short Stories in The Jakarta Post” is aimed at describing types and items of grammatical cohesion that commonly occur in the short stories of The Jakarta Post.

This research uses descriptive and discourse analysis. The data are pieces of texts from the short stories in The Jakarta Post. The data are analysed based on types and items of grammatical cohesion. This research belongs to qualitative research, that is the discussion about the form of words, phrases, clauses and sentence in the short stories.

The result of this research shows that grammatical cohesion among sentences in the short stories can be classified into four kinds. They are (1) reference, (2) substitution, (3) ellipsis, and (4) conjunction. From the four grammatical cohesions, the analysis result shows that the types and items of grammatical cohesion which are more dominant are pronominal reference and additive conjunction. There are 299 pronominal references out of 364 items of grammatical cohesion or 82.1 % and 191 additive conjunctions out of 348 items of grammatical cohesion or 54.8 %. Pronominal references are found in the short stories because the writer of the short stories wants to show clear characters such as singular pronoun, plural pronoun and possessive pronoun. While, the additive conjunction and, or, nor, likewise are used cohesively, to link one sentence to another.
Meanwhile, other grammatical cohesion items have lower frequency, they are demonstratives, comparatives; positive, comparative and superlative, nominal substitutes, verbal substitutes, clausal substitutes, nominal ellipsis, verbal ellipsis, clausal ellipsis, adversatives, causal and the last temporal. They are in the lower frequency because the writer of the short stories rarely uses in discourse especially prose discourse. Besides, the short stories in The Jakarta Post tends to be short, brief, and simple.

THE ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE VARIETIES ON THE BLACK EYED PEAS SONGS

By
Wahyu Sri Rejeki
02004226


ABSTRACT

The research entitled “The Analysis of Language Varieties on the Black Eyed Peas songs” is intended to identify and find kinds of language varieties and tries to find the most dominant language variety usage employed on the both of the Black Eyed Peas albums “ Elephunk” and Monkey Business” which consist of 26 songs.

The researcher collects the data from both albums of the Black Eyed Peas songs “Elephunk” and Monkey Business”. The researcher uses the noting technique by taking a note in collecting the data; the researcher applies the descriptive method to describe and to analyze all the data, because the data of this research are in the form of words. It is analyzed by identifying, analyzing, and categorizing the data. The researcher also notes the frequency of the number of the kinds of language varieties and the most dominant language variety.

Based on the result of research, there are four language varieties found inn the Black Eyed Peas Songs “Elephunk (2003) and Monkey Business”. They are Register, Vulgar, Slang, and Casual Style. There are 566 words of register (52. 65%), 303 words of slang (28. 18%), 95 vulgar words (8. 84%), and 111 words of casual style (10. 33%). Based on the percentage of the research findings, the most dominant language variety used is register.

THE TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF LEXICAL EQUIVALENCE OF DICTION ON TOURISM BOOK DESTINATION SURABAYA

By
Amarilia Purnaningrum
02026015

ABSTRACT

The Municipality Tourism service of Surabaya publishes the tourism guide book Destination Surabaya. The book is written in Indonesian and English. One interesting fact about this bilingual guidebook is that there are words in the source language (Indonesian) that are translated into several words into target language (English). The objectives of this study are to identify the keywords in the source language that are translated into several words in the target language with lexical equivalent of diction and analyze the context variation of translation.

Here, the writer uses one of collecting data techniques that is noting technique. In this study the writer selects thirteen keywords in the source language and collects their equivalent in the target language that becomes the data of the study then finds the context variation of translation.

The result of this study shows that one word in the source language (Indonesian) may be translated into several words in target language (English) the words are wisata, hiburan, gedung, fasilitas, bermain, permainan, pusat, perdagangan, penjualan, budaya, pejuang, berlokasi, and sarana . The lexical equivalence that can be found for the word wisata are tourism, attraction, tourist, tour, and recreation. The English equivalence of the word hiburan are entertainment, recreation, show, amusement, and attraction. The English equivalence of the word gedung are hall and building. The English equivalence of the word fasilitas are facilities and fulled. The English equivalence of the word bermain are play and playing. The English equivalence of the word permainan are playing, game, play, and fun. The English equivalence of the word pusat are central and center. The English equivalence of the word perdagangan are trading and trade. The English equivalence of the word penjualan are selling, shopping, sales and vendor. The English equivalence of the word budaya are culture and cultural. The English equivalence of the word pejuang are troop and fighter. The English equivalence of the word berlokasi are located and lies on. The English equivalence of the word are sarana are facilities and place. The more important thing is that, the variation of translation is caused by the context. Based on the context variation there are linguistic and non linguistic context that can be found in this analysis. The non linguistic context consists of social and economic context.

AN ANALYSIS OF SLANG USED IN ALICE WALKER’S THE COLOR PURPLE: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY

By:
Rini Budiastuti
02026002


ABSTRACT

This research entitled An Analysis of Slang Used in Alice Walker’s The Color Purple: A Sociolinguistic Study is intended to find out the use of slang in novel The Color Purple by Alice Walker. From the explanation above, the writer can find some objectives dealing with the topic, and the objectives are a) to identify the forms of slang word in The Color Purple by Alice Walker; b) to identify the meanings of slang words in The Color Purple by Alice Walker; and c) to identify the functions of slang words in The Color Purple by Alice Walker.

The writer uses novel The Color Purple by Alice Walker, book, dictionary and other sources as sources of data. The techniques that are used in collecting the data are tapping technique and noting technique. To analyze the data, the writer uses contextual method by Soepomo. This research uses sociolinguistic study as approach because the writer discusses the use of slang in The Color Purple by Alice Walker. It is also used because this approach is appropriate with the title of the research.

The result of this study shows that there are six forms of slang; they are incorrect grammar, apocope, apheresis, alternative pronunciation, alternative spelling and conjoined word. It also can be known that there are three kinds of meaning; namely denotative meaning, affective meaning and reflected meaning. The functions of slang in this novel are as an intimacy and as a reducing seriousness.

AN ANALYSIS OF ELECTRONIC JARGON IN COMPUTER SYSTEM (A SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY)

By
Rosita Kurnia Widi
02026040

ABSTRACT

The research entitled An Analysis of Electronic Jargon in Computer System is intended to find out the forms, the meanings, and the functions of electronic jargon in computer system.

This type of research belongs to qualitative research. The writer takes data from www.computerjargon.org/search compiled by Jon Storm (2007). The supporting data are taken from some books and internet. In collecting data, noting technique and separating technique are used. The technique of analyzing data is qualitative technique.

The result of the research shows that the forms of electronic jargon in computer system are 45.9% or 56 features of word, 22.96% or 29 features of phrase, 16.39% or 20 features of abbreviation, and the last form is acronym with frequency 18 or 14.75%. The meaning of electronic jargon in computer system of denotative meaning has 114 features or 93.44% and connotative meaning has 8 features or 6.56%. The function of electronic jargon shows that 54.92% or 67 features have function to make easier for a person to communicate with their friends and 45.08% or 55 features have function to give a person a sense of belonging to a specific group.

THE ANALYSIS OF ARABIC BORROWING WORD USED IN ENGLISH

By
Wartono
01004231

ABSTRACT

The research entitled "The Analysis of Arabic Borrowing Word Used in English" is intended to reveal the Arabic borrowing word, the form of Arabic borrowing word in the sentence, the meaning of Arabic borrowing word and the portion of each form of Arabic borrowing word.

This research belongs to a descriptive qualitative research since the data are presented qualitatively and they are processed descriptively through word rather than numbers. The objective of the research is Arabic borrowing word used in English. The researcher takes the data from English text that talking about Islam religion. In collecting the data, the researcher takes documentation and noting technique. The researcher reads the sources, identifies the Arabic borrowing word, classifying the Arabic borrowing word, identifying the form of borrowing word, determining the meaning of the data founded, and determining the portion of Arabic borrowing word.

Arabic word mostly occurs in English text when some writer can not use the appropriate word in English. This research shows that the form off Arabic borrowing word occurs in English are noun and adjective. The noun is the greatest occurring in the English text. And the meanings of Arabic borrowing word are denotative and lexical meaning. On other hand, the meaning is talking about pure Islam.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN ENGLISH AND BANYUMAS JAVANESE PASSIVE VOICE

By
Soimatun Fad’la
00004126

ABSTRACT

This thesis is a comparative study between English and Banyumas Javanese passive voice. It focuses their passive voice. It is aimed at finding out the similarities and the differences between English and Banyumas Javanese passive voice.

This research uses a descriptive and comparative method. It describes English and Banyumas Javanese passive voice and compares them in order to find out their similarities and differences in the two languages. The researcher takes the data from English and Banyumas Javanese grammar books, Modern English, Kalimat pasive dalam Bahasa Jawa book and Stuktur Bahasa Jawa bagian barat (Banyumas). It applies noting, separating, transferring, description, and comparison technique.

The result this study shows that English and Banyumas Javanese have some similarities and differences. The similarities take place in statements and interrogatives. English and Banyumas Javanese passive voice are derived from the active one. The formation of English passive voice depends on the tenses of the sentence but it does not happen in Banyumas Javanese passive voice. English has simple present tense, simple past tense, future, progressive, and perfect tense while Banyumas Javanese does not. Banyumas Javanese uses prefixes di-, tek-, ke-, and suffix-na to form the passive voice.

A SYNTACTIC ANALYSIS OF PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES USED IN AUSTRALIAN SHORT STORY STEELE RUDD’S “ON OUR SELECTION” AND “ELIZABETH BURCHILL’S “INNAMINCKA

By
Darmawanto
03326136
ABSTRACT

In this term paper, the writer of this research discusses syntactic analysis of prepositional phrases in Stelle Rudd’s “On Our selection” and Elizabeth Burchill’s “Innamincka”. This thesis are aimed at describing the form of prepositional phrases, describing the syntactic function of prepositional phrases and describing the frequency of occurrences of the meaning of prepositional phrases by making syntactic process and table of frequency of occurrences of the meaning of prepositional phrase itself.

This thesis uses qualitative method but also uses numeral data to make the analysis more clearly especially to know the frequency of occurrences of prepositional phrases and its meaning. To explore and examine, the writer uses syntactic approach. By using syntactic approach, the writer will understand obviously how to analyze the form of prepositional phrases, the syntactic function, and its meaning.

After analyzing in long process, the writer of this research finds many forms of prepositional phrases. There are preposition + pronoun, preposition + noun, preposition + noun phrase, preposition + Ing clause, and preposition + noun clause. The highest form of prepositional phrases are prepositional phrases formed by preposition + noun phrase. In addition, there are six syntactic function of prepositional phrases, they are Adjunct, disjunct, conjunct, post modifier in a noun phrase, complement of a verb, complement of an adjective. The syntactic function which often occurs in both of short stories is post modifier in noun phrase. By using syntactic process and making the table of frequency of occurrences of prepositional phrases, the writer finds the position of prepositional phrase and its meaning. The writer finds the highest frequency of occurrences of meaning around 45 % is place and position and the lowest frequency of occurrences around 2 % is agentive.

THE SENTENCE ANALYSIS OF AIR SUPPLY`S ENGLISH SONGS

By
Indana Zulfa
99224085



ABSTRACT

The title of the research is “The Sentence Analysis of Air Supply’s English Songs”. This research is conducted to find out the kinds of sentences and the highest frequency of sentences in Air Supply’s songs. The writer takes the Air Supply albums; there are 3 kinds of albums: News from Nowhere, Once Upon a Time, The Book of Love.

The research object of this study is the sentence taken from Air Supply lyrics. To collect the data, the writer uses library research, this method consists of reading, writing, printing, and listening to Air Supply`s cassettes (observation and make a note). The analysis of the data is descriptive analysis and divided into five steps: collecting the Air Supply albums, reading the lyrics, typing the lyrics, analyzing and identifying the sentence’s type. This is a qualitative research using sentence analysis. The kinds of sentences that are used are according to full predication; they are: Simple, Compound, Complex, Compound Complex, and Complex Compound. And kinds of sentences based on the type are: Declarative, Interrogative, Imperative, and Exclamatory.

The result of the study shows that there are183 Simple sentences (+ statement) or 35. 40%, 64 Complex sentences or 12. 38 %, 50 Compound sentences or 67%, 38 Simple sentences (+ command/ request) or 7. 35%, 27 Compound - complex sentences or 5. 22%, 25 Simple sentences (- statement) or 4. 48%, 24 Simple sentences (who question) or 4. 64%, 18 Simple sentences (yes/no question) or 3. 48 %, 18 Complex - compound sentences 3. 48%, 18 Others (phrase) or 3. 48%, 17 If clause or 3. 29 %, 11 Simple sentences (- command/request) or 2. 13%, 8 Simple sentences (passive voice) or 1. 55%, 6 Simple sentences (subject question) 1. 16%, 6 Simple sentences (interjection) or 1. 16%, and 4 Simple sentences (exclamation) or 0. 77%.

English and Arabic Tense: A Comparative Study

by
Muchamad Yasin
01004256


ABSTRACT

This research talks about the comparison between two languages, namely English and Arabic. The writer focuses on English and Arabic tense. The purpose of his discussion is to find out the similarities and differences between English and Arabic tense.

The writer employs descriptive and comparative method. The data analysis is done by synchronic comparative method; comparing two languages, namely English and Arabic especially in tense. In getting data, the writer takes the data from some books, Arabic grammar books, and other sources. To collect data, the writer uses some techniques, such as noting technique, separating technique and transferring technique. In data analyzing technique, the writer uses two techniques, they are: Description: this thesis discusses English and Arabic by using the approach that has descriptive characteristics. The writer starts analyzing by describing: the kinds of English tense, the kind of Arabic tense and point by point comparison. To find out similarities and differences of the elements between English and Arabic tense the writer contrasts the two languages through point by point comparison: Comparison in the forms of tense ; to make analyzes easier, the writer uses the following procedures: Presenting the data ,Translating ,Comparing.

From this research it can be concluded that there are some similarities and differences between English and Arabic tense. The similarities and differences are found in kinds and form –system.
English and Arabic have three kinds of tense, they are; Present, Past and Future, and Fiil Madhi, Fiil Mudhore’ and Fiil Amr. Arabic language does not have specific time. المضارع الفعل , this division covers the English present, continuous and the future tense. The specific time of the imperfect may be indicated by the use of such word as الان: ‘now’; غدا:'tomorrow'; the prefix س or the word: سوف each of which means ‘shall’ or ‘will? الماضي الفعل, this division covers the English simple past tense and the perfect past and present tense. While in English language have 16 specific times.
From this research it can be concluded that there are some similarities and differences between English and Arabic tense.

THE ANALYSIS OF INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATIONS DUE TO AMERICAN EDUCATIONAL SPIRIT AS SEEN IN THE FILM STEALING HARVARD

By:
Dwi Nopiyadi
NIM. 03026081


ABSTRACT

The research entitled The Analysis of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations due to American educational spirit as seen in the film Stealing Harvard aimed at finding out America as country with great opportunity for citizen to reach their success. The writer defines success as the achievement educational success, a prestigious education, and security. Those have become American educational spirit, particularly, the efforts of the main character to enrol Harvard university. Meanwhile, there are a great number of high school graduations who want to enter Harvard University. So, it is not easy as a piece of cake considering lots of student. Although Noreen is not clever enough and poor family, she is intrinsically motivated to get good education. She is also extrinsically motivated by her surroundings. That is why motivations become the centre of successful education. This study also focuses on revealing the main values of American educational spirit which are democracy, liberty, equality, capitalism, and optimism.

This graduating paper is conducted through qualitative research method and supported by library research. The data of this discussion were obtained through various sources called primary data and secondary data. Some related materials such as books, journals, articles, internets, critical essays consulting with the lecturer and some friends were also engaged. In doing the research, the interdisciplinary approach of American study is employed from various disciplines, such as socio-cultural, historical, and psychological disciplines.

The result of this study shows that the process of learning and education has made Noreen continuing to Harvard University and graduate with honour. To get success needs a long process although it needs to fight for some difficulties. Particularly, intrinsic and extrinsic motivations have played the vital role in getting educational success. The study also reveals some the main values of American educational spirit such as democracy in education, equal right to have an education, freedom to choose and optimism toward e

- THE STRUGGLE FOR SURVIVAL OF THE MAIN CHARACTER AS REFLECTED IN CHRISTOPHER PAOLINI’S ERAGON

By
Sudarini
02004236


ABSTRACT

This thesis entitled The Struggle for survival of the Main Character as Reflected in Christopher Paolini’s “Eragon”: A psychological study is intended to answer two problems: 1) To find the characterization of the main character in the novel Eragon observed psychologically, 2) To find the survival of the main character in the novel Eragon. The reasons to analyze this novel are: First, Eragon as one Trilogy Inheritance of Christopher Paolini’s work is interesting to be discussed because this novel has the psychological problem, has a lot of adventure, the story is easy to read and understand and the language is easy to be understood and message of a real morale which benefit to life. Second, Christopher Paolini presents particularly interesting adventure for the readers. Third, the novel is rarely analyzed by the students of Ahmad Dahlan University.

The subject of the research is Christopher paolini’s novel Eragon. While the object of the research is the psychological analysis; that is analyzed the struggle of the main character that found in the novel Eragon. In collecting the data, the writer employs the library research. The main data is taken from the novel Eragon composed by Christopher Paolini. The supporting data are taken from books, journals,and internet sources that support and explain the main data. After the data gathered, they analyzed by using theory of psychology by Wellek and Warren (1956).

Some of the research findings are follows: 1) Characterization of the main character, confidence, cares, brave, high motivation, hopeless, confused. 2) Characterization of the main character observed psychologically. In this research the researcher focuses on the struggle for survival of the main character.

- WHITE COLLAR CRIME AS SEEN IN DAN BROWN’S DIGITAL FORTRESS: A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY

By
Reni Hikmawati
02026095


ABSTRACT

In this study the researcher discuss about novel Digital Fortress work Dan Brown. The researcher discusses about white collar crime in the novel Digital Fortress and the reason why white collar crime happens. This graduating paper analyzes a novel by Dan Brown entitled Digital Fortress. Digital Fortress is the first novel written by Dan Brown. Digital Fortress stories about technology of computer and internet which are full of conflict and letting the world believe that certain strong encryption a logarithm are too mathematically complicated to break in a reasonable amount of time given current technology, the NSA (National Security Agency) has developed a machine which can break anything until new unbreakable encryption Algorithm is created by an individual with a grudge against the NSA.

To analyze the data, the researcher uses sociological approach to analyze the white collar crime and the reason of white collar crime in the novel Digital Fortress because the subject of sociology is society which is here human. In analyzing the data, the researcher uses qualitative research method because the data that are found in the form of sentences or words. The researcher also applies library research method which uses novel Digital Fortress as the main data and the other printed material like book, journal, internet and other support main data.

The result of this research states that most of the characters in the novel Digital Fortress do white collar crime. They are Strathmore, Ensei Tankado, Susan Fletcher, and Greg Hale. They do white collar crime for their individual reason. Strathmore does white collar crime to make better achievement in NSA. Strathmore makes TRANSLTR to break down the code and wiretap e-mail all over the world. They do everything to achieve their ambition without think about the other. Ambition to get success in lives is the main reason why they do white collar crime.

- FAMILY CONFLICT IN DANIELLE STEEL’S SUMMER’S END: A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY

By
Fika Pratiwi Walton
03026016

ABSTRACT

Summer’s End is a novel written by a famous American novelist named Danielle Steel. The story tells about a family life which full of conflicts. This novel is a romance story. It makes the writer choose it as the topic in her graduating paper. Another reason is this story not only has feminist values but also has sociological values and the changing of values such as family conflict in family life. Summer’s End tells to the readers how to aware and solves the problem in life. The last reason is because this story has moral messages. After found those reasons, the writer makes three objectives. They are to analyze the causes of family conflict, to discuss effects of family conflict, and the last is to show functions of family in Society.

The writer uses sociological approach and family conflict theory. First, the writer describes about theory of sociology and its correlation with literature theory. And then she describes about theory of conflict and family to apply in the novel. This graduating paper uses a library research to collect the data with qualitative method. This method is gathering the data qualitatively and presenting them descriptively. The data consists of the primary data is the novel Summer’s End and the secondary data from other sources like books, journals and internet. The data is identified based on the proper theory. Then, the novel as the primary data is observed with the theories by explaining, quoting and makes sentences into good paragraphs arrangement.

The result of the study shows that there is a family conflict in the Summer’ End experienced by a couple named Marc and Deanna. Their conflict was caused by the fighting for their personal interest. There are different age and background between the couple. Marc also could not support his family with affection due to his jobs as a lawyer. There are also some effects from the causes above like the divorce, the pregnancy caused by love affair between the couple, the lack of time in family, and the last is the abuse experienced by their daughter, Pilar. The writer also finds some functions of family in society such as sexual function, reproductive, socialization, affectional, status, protective and economic function.

Sapphira’s Conflict as Reflected in Willa Cather’s Sapphira and the Slave Girl

By
Meta Lusiana
02026093


ABSTRACT

The title of this study is Sapphira’s conflict as reflected in Willa Cather’s Sapphira and the Slave Girl. The objectives of the study are, (1) to describe conflict in Willa Cather’s Sapphira and the Slave Girl, and (2) to describe the psychological factors that cause of conflict in the novel.

The research is categorized into a library research. The subject of the research is Sapphira and the Slave Girl and the object of the research is Sapphira’s conflict founded in the novel. In this research, the writer uses library method to collect the data. Besides that the writer also takes the data from the internet to get information completely. Then the data are analyzed by using Psychological approach by Abraham Maslow.

The result of this research indicates that first, the conflict of the story. It can be traced that there is a conflict between Sapphira and Rachel-Nancy. Sapphira hates Nancy because she is suspected having an affair with Henry. Because of that, she always finds the girl’s fault to satisfy her anger. Second, the psychological factors that causes conflict in the novel, that is. Sapphira’s personality and psychological needs. The personalities that are considered as the causes of the conflicts are jealously, suspicion, and bad-temper. The psychological needs that she wants to achieve are safety, love, and esteem needs.

The Conflict between Tom and Gatsby in F. Scott Fitzgerald “The Great Gatsby”: A Structural Approach

BY:
Nurliana Nasution
02004209


ABSTRACT

This study is entitled “The conflict between Tom and Gatsby as reflected in F.Scott Fiztgerald “The Great Gatsby”: A structural approach. The subject of the research is the novel entitled The Great Gatsby, meanwhile the object of the research is about conflict between Tom and Gatsby in the novel. The writer is interested in reading this novel. In the novel the writer can find much information. In this study, the writer discusses about the theme, the different between West egg and East egg in social class, emotional conflict etc. It is aimed providing information in detailed.
In this study, the framework of the theories that is structural approach is taken from (Subhan, 2005:63-64).

The result of this study shows that the theme, plot, character and characterization, emotional conflict etc seems important aspects in this study. Therefore the writer concluded that (1) Tom, Daisy (1) Tom, Daisy, Jordan, Myrtle, Wilson are careless people, (2) Daisy loves both Tom and Gatsby. But she cannot help the past because now she has a husband and a daughter, (3) the East egg is fashionable. And on other hand, the West egg is less fashionable, (4) the emotional conflict between Tom and Gatsby is just about Daisy. Gatsby wants to win Daisy back but Tom refuses it, (5) Gatsby cannot win Daisy back although he has much of properties, (6) at the end, Gatsby is killed by Wilson because Wilson assumes that the death of his wife is caused by Gatsby, (7) Meyer is not a good friend. He is kind to Gatsby when he just needs Gatsby at the time. He does not care about Gatsby when passing away.

The Life of Mafia as Reflected in Mario Puzo’s The Godfather: A Mimetic Approach.

By
Zefri Ferdhi Alkhotmi
00004094


ABSTRACT

The title of this research is “The Life of Mafia as Reflected in Mario Puzo’s The Godfather: A Mimetic Approach”. The objectives of the study are to describe the similarities between Mafia’s crimes that occurs in Mario Puzo’s The Godfather.

This study is grouped into a library research. The subject of the research is the novel entitled The Godfather, while the object is The Life of Mafia. The researcher collects the data by using observation and documentation. The collected data are analyzed under mimetic approach by Abrams (1979: 3-29).Then they described through the descriptive qualitative method.

After conducting the research, the researcher gets some research findings. Mario Puzo’s The Godfather portrays the real life of Mafia. The way of Mafia Families solve the problems by killing their opponents, their involvement in drugs trafficking, their involvement in gambling business, the way to avoid from the law by bribery, their involvement in prostitution, and bootlegging are similar with the real Mafia’s life.

WOMEN EXPLOITATION IN AMERICAN POSTMODERN ERA ADVERTISEMENT

By
Atiq Aqiqotul Hasanah
03026101


Abstract

Based on the characteristic from postmodern era where mass media plays important role in social life is not wrong when the writer in this graduating paper the writer tries to analyses the exploitation of American woman in advertisement in postmodern era and beauty image of American women reflected from beauty product advertisement. The other Characteristic from condition in postmodern era is assumption that images are everything and real! So American woman felt important to become like which in image by the advertisers with the beauty products advertisement give suggestive and assumption that what in seeing is correct. In this graduating paper the writer gives title “women exploitation in American postmodern era advertisement".

In this research the writer applies approach of Interdisciplinary which is in American study. Approaches of history, socio-cultural and economics aspect are using to give clearer analysis about the condition of American women in advertisement in postmodern era reflected in beauty product advertisement. In performing an object research, writer applies qualitative descriptive method and library research, data taken away from books, magazines, articles, and some website from internet.

This research lays open the condition of women in advertisement in postmodern era, where advertisement in postmodern era women is exploited between it was: women body only be made symbol in promoting or sells product. In postmodern era we know that this era is late capitalism era with the meaning culture produces in making balance to with consumptive culture of which so increases. from analysis condition is the writer can connect that women in postmodern era is victim from target of the advertisement market, equally woman has been made as a real media or equipment exact in creation of consumerism culture. Other result which writer finds their American woman has been intent at assumption images is everything and its real! This is can meet by seeing the many women’s becoming a victim want to be like what which in image by advertiser in the advertisement. This Condition is as one evidences postmodern era where women trapped in hipper reality. Several of characteristic of beauty images of American women in postmodern era are: the beauty image with slim body, the beauty images of non oily face skin, and the beauty images of staying young.




Key words: Postmodern Era, American Women and advertisement.

AMERICAN CULTURAL TRAITS OF MARLBORO MAN AS REFLECTED IN THE FILM BROKE BACK MOUNTAIN

By:
Nanik Ariyanti
03026080


ABSTRACT

The research entitled American Cultural Traits of Marlboro Man in the film Brokeback Mountain is aimed at identifying American cultural traits of Marlboro Man and the positive and negative values of Marlboro Man.

This research uses qualitative method by gathering the data and presenting them descriptively. To conduct the research, there are three steps namely, collecting data, data organizing, and data analysis. The first step is the primary data collected from direct experience, recording, observations, joining some seminars dealing with the topic in several discussions. For the secondary data there are some books, articles, films, web sites, and other theoretical writings concerning with this research. After the data are gathered, the data are organized by electing and classifying them based on topic or theme related to the research. Moreover, the last step is data analysis by using some theories, approaches and methods of American studies.

The result of this research shows that there are four American cultural traits of Marlboro Man such as: individualism, discipline, hard work, and authority. The image of individualism can be seen at Ennis and Jack attitudes in the beginning of the film which set in Wyoming signal at 1963. There is a discipline can be seen when always an inspection every morning from their boss. Hard work can be seen from Ennis and Jack as the couple of shipper. There is an authority that can be seen from Joe Aguirre when meeting Ennis and Jack for the first time in looking for job. Another result of this research is the positive and negative values of Marlboro Man. The positive values of Marlboro Man are icon of American Manhood and principle in life. And the negative value of Marlboro Man is homosexuality.

THE PORTRAITS OF CULTURE SHOCKS OF CHINESE FAMILY LIVING AMONG AMERICAN SOCIETY AS SEEN IN AMY TAN’S THE KITCHEN GOD’S WIFE

By:

Herlina Eti Sulistiyowati
NIM. 03026088

ABSTRACT

The title of this research is The Portraits of Culture Shocks of Chinese Family Living Among American Society as seen in Amy Tan The Kitchen God’s Wife. The purpose of this graduating paper is to know the American culture, Chinese culture and cultural shocks in Chinese family living in American society.

The writer uses American studies approach from Mc Dowell which stresses a past, present, and future approach an interdisciplinary approach from Robert Meredith that focused on history, sociology and culture. In this research the writer uses qualitative method to analyze the obtained data. Qualitative method describes the discussion in detail. There are two kinds’ data. The main data which is collected from the novel the kitchen god’s wife by Amy Tan and the supporting data which is obtained from the books, article, internet and everything.

The result of this study shows that American cultures of The Kitchen God’s Wife such as individualism, competitiveness and privacy. And Chinese cultures are friendship, solidarity, and keep tradition. Another result of this research is research culture shock in The Kitchen God’s Wife novel. It caused by a physical difference, environment, and cultural difference. It generates sorrowful feelings, confuse, and nervous.

A STUDY ON CONNOTATIVE MEANING OF POLITICAL JARGON USED IN ABRAHAM LINCOLN’S SPEECHES AND LETTERS: A SEMANTIC STUDY

By:
Ahmad Ibnu Mafuludin
NIM. 02026003

ABSTRACT

The research entitled A Study on Connotative Meaning of Political Jargon used in Abraham Lincoln’s Speeches and Letters: a Semantic Study is aimed at finding out the forms of connotative meaning of political jargon and connotative meaning found in Abraham Lincoln’s speeches and letters.

This research uses descriptive qualitative method which focuses on the analysis of textual data. The data are parts of speech which have connotative meaning of political jargon used in Abraham Lincoln’s speeches and letters. There are three steps in method of collecting data. First, data are collected by noting technique. Second, data are selected. And the last, the selected data are classified into its forms of parts of speech which consist of words and phrases. To collect the data, the researcher uses noting technique and observation. After all data are collected, noted and observed, the researcher analyzes the data using qualitative method. At first the data will be analyzed by using referential and distributional method. Then the data are identified by using contextual analysis based on its connotative types. The data are selected and classified by using referential and distributional method to find out the forms of the part of speech. Then the data are analyzed by contextual analysis to find out the meaning of the data, and the last step is drawing the conclusion.

The result of this research shows that the forms of parts of speech which have connotative meaning of political jargon used in Abraham Lincoln’s speeches and letters are words and phrases. The forms of words are nouns, verbs, and adjectives. The forms of phrases are noun phrases, verb phrases, and adjective phrases, adverb phrases, and prepositional phrases. The types of nouns are collective nouns, proper nouns, and abstract nouns. The types of verb are predicating verbs. The types of adjectives that the researcher finds are descriptive adjectives. The types of noun phrases are collective and countable noun phrases. The types of verb phrases are auxiliary verb phrases. The types of adverb phrases are manners and intensifying adverb phrases. And the types of prepositional phrases are physical relationship of position.

A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH AND PAKPAKNESE AFFIXATION

By:
Siti Zaleha Angkat
03026119

ABSTRACT

The title of this research is A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH AND PAKPAKNESE AFFIXATION. In this research, the writer here discusses the contrast of English and Pakpaknese. The objective of this study are to describe the types, functions and meanings of English and Pakpaknese affixation and the differences and the similarities of English and Pakpaknese affixation.

In analyzing the types, functions, and meanings of English affixation the writer uses the theory of Quirk and Greenbaum. Theory of Sembiring, Ayub, Amillah and Perangin-angin theory are used in analyzing the types, functions and meanings of Pakpaknese affixation. In this research, the writer applies qualitative research. The writer gets the data of this research from the words which are found in English dictionary and Pakpak-Indonesia a dictionary. In method of collecting data, the writer here uses”metode simak” (observing method) and is continued by continuing technique observation method, that is “teknik catat” (note technique). In method of analyzing data, the writer applies the structural method of analyzing data from Poedjosoedarmo.

The result of this research shows that the types of English affixes are prefixes and suffixes. The types of Pakpaknese affixes are prefixes, suffixes, infixes and circumfixes. The functions of English affixes are to change the parts of speech and negation. The functions of Pakpaknese affixes are to change the parts of speech. The meanings of English affixes are having of, before, etc. The meanings of Pakpaknese affixes are having of, suffering of, etc. The differences of English and Pakpaknese affixation are English affixes have negative meaning, on the other hand, Pakpaknese affixes have no negative meaning, English affixes have feminine form, on the other hand Pakpaknese affixes have no feminine form and Pakpaknese affixes have infixes, on the other hand English affixes have no infixes. The similarities of English and Pakpaknese affixation are Superlative, too much and nation/place origin. This research can also increase the reader’s desire in learning and the other mother tongue in Indonesia.

AN ANALYSIS OF GRAMMATICAL ERRORS IN BILINGUAL TRANSLATION MADE BY THE FOURTH SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT OF AHMAD DAHLAN UNIVERSI

By:
Kurniawantiningrum Raharjo
NIM: 03026052

ABSTRACT

This research is descriptive qualitative. The objectives of this research are to describe the grammatical errors and possible sources of errors which occur in bilingual translation.

The population of the research is the fourth semester students of translation class of English Letters Department of Ahmad Dahlan University in 2006-2007 Academic Year. Yet, the number of the population that is more than 100 students makes the writer only take some of them as the sample. The sample of this research is 35 % of the total population (42 students). To gather the data, the researcher uses an observation method and documentation method. She collects all translation works of students’ final examination from Indonesian into English. In addition, to analyze the data, the researcher uses Structural Analysis Method. Furthermore, she uses syntactic analysis as theoretical approach to do the research.

The result of this research shows that there are 158 grammatical errors consisting of 72 errors in misformation, 41 errors in addition, 33 errors in omission, and 12 errors in misordering. Moreover, the other result is that the researcher finds some possible sources of errors in this research. They are language transfer, intralingual transfer (overgeneralization, ignorance of the rule restriction, incomplete application of rules, and false concepts hypothesized), and word-to-word translation.

THE INTERFERENCE OF INDONESIAN LANGUAGE SPOKEN BY THE MEMBERS OF DEBATING COMMUNITY AT AHMAD DAHLAN UNIVERSITY: A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS

By
Ervina
03026010

ABSTRACT

Learning a foreign language especially English is done after the native language is acquired as the background. As a result, there is strong tendency that the habit in using native language’s rule interfere the production of foreign language. The Interference may take place in some areas of linguistics, such as in Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Vocabulary and meaning.

This study is intended to identify the Interference of Indonesian language in an English debate. There are two objectives to be achieved: (1) to describe kinds of Interference spoken by the members of Debating Community at Ahmad Dahlan University, and (2) to find out the correct form of the Interference spoken by the members of Debating Community at Ahmad Dahlan University.
In achieving those two objectives, the writer conducts the descriptive qualitative study, since the data which are performed are in the form of words, phrases, and sentences. In order to analyze the Interference, she uses Contrastive analysis. Contrastive analysis is the aspect of linguistics to identify the structural differences between two languages. It is conducted by contrasting the distinctive features owned by both languages. She also uses several techniques to collect the data, including Recording Technique, Note Technique, and Transferring Technique. She gains primary data by recording all the utterances spoken by the debaters during debate.

The result of the study shows that there are some errors spoken by the debaters which are caused by the rules of Indonesian language. They are Transfer in Morpho-syntax and Vocabulary. Transfer in Morpho-syntax covers the error in choosing Pronoun, Omission of To be, Tense, Plural Form, Negative Form of a Word, Concord, Redundancy, Lack of To Infinitive, and Comparison. Transfer in Vocabulary happens because Indonesian has fewer words than English to point out a thing. This condition is called by under-differentiation. Further, the analysis also performs the correct form of the structure and vocabulary of the Interference.

An Analysis of Men’s and Women’s Language in Mrs. Doubtfire Movie Series

by
Risa Arroyyani
03004234


ABSTRACT

This research entitled “An Analysis of Men’s and Women’s Language in Mrs. Doubtfire Movie Series” is intended to find out the kinds of diction, grammatical form, and language style used by men and women in Mrs. Doubtfire movie series.

This research uses descriptive qualitative method because the researcher describes the data and the produced data are in the form of words than numbers. The researcher uses dialogue used by men and women in the script of Mrs. Doubtfire movie series as the data source of this research. The technique used in collecting the data is noting techniques. The researcher downloads the scripts of Mrs. Doubtfire movie series in the internet then prints the scripts of Mrs. Doubtfire movie series. In analyzing the data, the researcher applies descriptive technique. She identifies and classifies the dialogues used by men and women in the scripts of Mrs. Doubtfire movie series and then she selects the dialogues by underlining the words, phrases, clauses, or sentences based on the diction, grammatical elements used by men and women. After that, the researcher analyzes the listed dialogue based on the degree of formality used by men and women.

The result shows that the kinds of diction frequently used by men are colors, colloquial, and strong expletives while the kinds of diction frequently used by women are adverbs, and adjectives. The kinds of grammatical elements frequently used by men are conjunctions, hedge, prepositions, verbs, and tag questions while those kinds of grammatical elements are less used by women. The kinds of language style frequently used by men are casual style and intimate style while the kind of language style frequently used by women is consultative style.

CODE MIXING IN THE SPORT TABLOID ‘'BOLA'’

By:
Muhammad Agung Budiman
00026067

ABSTRACT

The background of this study is based on the fact which shows that code mixing phenomena occur in the sport tabloid 'BOLA'. Code mixing in the sport tabloid 'BOLA' has special purposes to make the readers interested in understanding the message intended. This research is intended to identify the forms of code mixing, the meaning of code mixings, the causal factors, and what languages are mixed in the sport tabloid 'BOLA'.

The research uses descriptive methods. The main data of this graduating paper are taken from the Sport Tabloid entitled 'BOLA'. The supporting data are taken from other sources about Linguistics and Research methods. Sudaryanto’s noting, separating, and changing techniques are employed in the process of collecting data. The data of research are collected with Sudaryanto’s noting, separating, and changing techniques. The process is reading the tabloids, writing it on the note book and then classifying the data. The data are analyzed based on the context of utterance with Poedjosoedarmo’s contextual method.

The result of research is as follows: the forms of code mixing in the sport tabloid 'BOLA' are words, phrases, prepositions, repetition and abbreviations. The meaning of code mixings are about sport terminology, the name of sport institutions, the nicknames, and the name of sport competitions. Code mixing which occurs in the sport tabloid 'BOLA' is influenced by the choice of words which people consider the most suitable and appropriate, the style of the utterance of the reporter, the nickname of the subject, the choice of titles and proper name, the choice of the reporter to look for good translation, the choice of the reporter to introduce the new term, and the choice of the reporters to show the nation where the competition is held. The types of language of code mixing in the sport tabloid BOLA are Indonesian-English, Indonesian-Italian, Indonesian-Spanish, Indonesian-German, Indonesian-French, Indonesian-Dutch, Indonesian-Javanese, and Indonesian-Latin.